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diary/2022-12-31-subverting-sentences.md

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+# Subverting expectations with your sentences
+
+* Sentence structure
+* Delight and surprise at every turn.
+* Noun-verb descriptions get tiring
+* Articulate defense of choices
+* Compelling narrative, but also compelling way of telling that narrative
+* Understand temperaments, learn definitions, implement variety, learn fragments, articulate decisions, acknowledge revision, produce writing
+* Gregory Orr's Four Temperaments:
+    * A good poem has two (concrete), a great poem has all four
+    * Form: The way the writing is constructed (concrete)
+        * Literal forms
+    * Narrative: the story (concrete)
+        * Speaker/POV
+        * Plot
+        * Characters
+    * Music: the way it sounds (lyric/imagination)
+        * Meter/scansion/prosody
+        * Alliteration, consonance
+        * Rhyme
+    * Imagination: the magic that the writer brings (lyric/imagination)
+        * Simile/metaphor
+        * School (surrealism, minimalism)
+        * Magic
+    * Today focused on syntax
+* Cumulative layering and the appositive:
+    * Bridge the gap from abstract to concrete, exteriority to interiority
+    * Appositive clarifies the meaning of a sentence
+    * Provides essential or additional but not redundant, adds context
+    * Helps in identifying other nouns
+    * "The tree, *a jack pine,* sloughed the snow from its branches as if it was waking up."
+        * uses language to imbue additional characteristics 
+        * using simile for personification/interiority
+    * "In awe of the jack pine, I didnot believe it until I saw it, *the bird's nest hidden in its needled, benevolent arms.*"
+        * appositive clause at end
+        * clauses are cumulative
+        * unexpected adjectives add personification/interiority
+    * Above: say writing about religion, using metaphor of benevolence of trees
+    * Restrictive and non-restrictive appositives:
+        * Restrictives necessary for sentence to function (e.g: including a name with a common noun)
+        * Non-restrictive provide additional information, usually a separate clause (still imbues meaning or adds texture)
+        * Cumulative layering: adding more non-restrictive appositives
+        * Dependent clauses usually appositives, but may not add additional information, unlike appositives
+    * A cumulative sentence is known as a loose sentence that starts with independent clause, then adds subordinate elements or modifiers after subject and predicate
+    * Useful for putting the main idea first, then expand
+    * Example of interiority, gives inner life of the witness (writer as witness)
+    * Adds to informality, connection
+    * 70% of sentences are cumulative
+    * Variety to mix up rhythm of sentence (identify sustained rhythms as places to break)
+    * Not really in dialogue, more for mood and scene-setting
+    * Restraint: don't need to layer *every* noun, just use to propel the plot or the readers
+    * Where does the music show?
+* Hypotaxis and parataxis
+    * Hypotaxs:
+        * convey logical, causal, temporal relationships
+        * used for argument and persuasion
+        * provides inforamation and background about topic
+        * subordination of one clause to another, unequal roles in a sentence
+        * not defining (at least not literally, but interiority) but expanding/building/exemplify
+        * Adds motion (e.g: immediate sentence, then use to further immediacy)
+        * Polysyndentons:
+            * Figure of speech in which conjunctions are used to join connected clauses in places where they aren't contextually necessary
+            * Creates senses/moods (e.g: conjunctions in list to show abundance)