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<p>It is interesting to note the differences in tradition, here. Alter has “because he was right in his own eyes” but offers no note as to why, which is a little disappointing. JPS (“for he considered himself right” (Job 32:1, JPS)) and Greenstein (“since in his own eyes he was right and just” (Job 32:1, Greenstein)) agree. All three of these are Jewish sources.</p>
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<p>Christian sources, however, all lean on righteous, while the HCSB, NIV, and KJV having identical wording for that phrase. This colors the meaning, does it not? Alter, JPS, and Greenstein describe Elihu as being angry because he is declaring himself more right than God, whereas the Christian sources all interpret the text as Job justifying himself <em>rather than</em> God. Interestingly, the 2001 translation of the Septuagint has Elihu upset that Job is “declaring himself righteous before God” (Job 32:2, Septuagint 2001\nocite{septuagint}), a sense of uncolored plainness that is missing from the other translations. In this case, Elihu is seemingly upset at Job for being upset. <a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref:younes-eyes" title="Jump back to footnote 8 in the text">↩</a></p>
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<p>Christian sources, however, all lean on ‘righteous’, while the HCSB, NIV, and KJV having identical wording for that phrase. This colors the meaning, does it not? Alter, JPS, and Greenstein describe Elihu as being angry because he is declaring himself more right than God, whereas the Christian sources all interpret the text as Job justifying himself <em>rather than</em> God. Interestingly, the 2001 translation of the Septuagint has Elihu upset that Job is “declaring himself righteous before God” (Job 32:2, Septuagint 2001\nocite{septuagint}), a sense of uncolored plainness that is missing from the other translations. In this case, Elihu is seemingly upset at Job for being upset. <a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref:younes-eyes" title="Jump back to footnote 8 in the text">↩</a></p>
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<p>The next verse is all over the place in translation. KJV and NIV suggest that Elihu is upset at Job’s friends because they couldn’t find any fault in Job but still condemned him. JPS agrees, but uses ‘merely’ before ‘condemn’ which adds a value judgement. Alter has him upset because Job’s friends couldn’t show Job to be guilty. Though it is difficult to pin down why, Alter posits that Elihu is angry at Job’s friends because they just couldn’t actually find a way to condemn him: “because they had not found an answer that showed Job guilty” (Job 32:3, Alter) (a sentiment echoed in the footnotes for verse 13: “In attributing this statement to the three reprovers, Elihu shows them admitting the failure of their own arguments.” \parencite[548]{alter}), while the NRSV walks the middle path with “because they had found no answer, though they had declared Job to be in the wrong.” (Job 32:3, NRSV)</p>
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<p>The next verse is all over the place in translation. KJV and NIV suggest that Elihu is upset at Job’s friends because they couldn’t find any fault in Job but still condemned him. JPS agrees, but uses ‘merely’ before ‘condemn’ which adds a value judgment. Alter has him upset because Job’s friends couldn’t show Job to be guilty. Though it is difficult to pin down why, Alter posits that Elihu is angry at Job’s friends because they just couldn’t actually find a way to condemn him: “because they had not found an answer that showed Job guilty” (Job 32:3, Alter) (a sentiment echoed in the footnotes for verse 13: “In attributing this statement to the three reprovers, Elihu shows them admitting the failure of their own arguments.” \parencite[548]{alter}), while the NRSV walks the middle path with “because they had found no answer, though they had declared Job to be in the wrong.” (Job 32:3, NRSV)</p>
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<p>Weinberger continues to be relevant: “[…] translation is more than a leap from dictionary to dictionary; it is a reimagining of the poem.” \parencite[46]{wangwei}</p>
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<p>This is where we leave off, and then this youngster, this whippersnapper, this upstart Elihu picks up.</p>
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<p>“I am young in years, and you are aged. Therefore I was awed and feared to speak my mind with you,” (Job 32:6, Alter) he begins, and we are off to the races, or at least some brash exhortations to wisdom. Jobs friends may have left off on their attempts to convince him of some perhaps-guilt, but Elihu does not: “And I attended to you, and, look, Job has no refuter, none to answer his talk among you.” (Job 32:12, Alter) Were it not for the (admittedly quite beautiful) poetic form of Elihu’s speeches, he would be beyond tiresome. He goes on for more than a chapter simply talking about how he is going to answer Job before he actually does so. He is going to talk. He is going to get there eventually. He will speak.<sup id="fnref:younes-alien"><a class="footnote-ref" href="#fn:younes-alien">10</a></sup> Verse after verse of promises.</p>
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<p>“I am young in years, and you are aged. Therefore I was awed and feared to speak my mind with you,” (Job 32:6, Alter) he begins, and we are off to the races, or at least some brash exhortations to wisdom. Job’s friends may have left off on their attempts to convince him of some perhaps-guilt, but Elihu does not: “And I attended to you, and, look, Job has no refuter, none to answer his talk among you.” (Job 32:12, Alter) Were it not for the (admittedly quite beautiful) poetic form of Elihu’s speeches, he would be beyond tiresome. He goes on for more than a chapter simply talking about how he is going to answer Job before he actually does so. He is going to talk. He is going to get there eventually. He will speak.<sup id="fnref:younes-alien"><a class="footnote-ref" href="#fn:younes-alien">10</a></sup> Verse after verse of promises.</p>
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<p>Tiresome as he is, and despite the non-sequitur nature of his speeches, his language remains beautiful, and he does at points reinforce the point mentioned in the epigraph: Job questions God as to why it is that his world has become so miserable, and God cannot but reply with an exclamation that this world is far stranger, far worse and far better, than any man, no matter how righteous could hope to understand. <a class="footnote-backref" href="#fnref:younes-translation" title="Jump back to footnote 9 in the text">↩</a></p>
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